|
Major-General Sir David Bruce, KCB, FRS, FRSE (29 May 1855 in Melbourne – 27 November 1931 in London) was a Scottish pathologist and microbiologist who investigated brucellosis (then called Malta fever) and trypanosomes, identifying the cause of sleeping sickness. ==Life== He was born in Bendigo, Australia to Scottish parents, engineer David Bruce (from Airth) and his wife Jane Russell Hamilton (from Stirling), who had emigrated to Australia in the gold rush of 1850. He returned with his family to Scotland at the age of five. They lived at 1 Victoria Square in Stirling. He was educated at Stirling High School and in 1869 began an apprenticeship in Manchester. However a bout of pneumonia forced him to abandon this and re-assess his career,.〔Stirling's Talking Stones ISBN 1-870-542-48-7〕 He then decided to study zoology but later change to medicine at the University of Edinburgh.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002 )〕 He graduated in 1881. After a brief period as a general practitioner in Reigate (1881–83) where he met and married his wife Mary, he joined the Army Medical Service (1883–1919) and in 1884 was stationed in Malta, where he identified Malta fever. In the Boer War, accompanied by his wife, he ran the field hospital during the Siege of Ladysmith (2 November 1899 until 28 February 1900). In 1903, he identified the causative protozoa, and tsetse fly as the vector, of African trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness"). He was Surgeon-General for the duration of the First World War from 1914–19 at the Royal Army Medical College, in Millbank, London.〔(S R Christophers: 'Bruce, Sir David (1855–1931)' (rev. Helen J Power), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2008, accessed 23 May 2014 )〕 He won the Leeuwenhoek Medal in 1915. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1899, created a Companion of the Bath (CB) in the 1905 Birthday Honours, knighted in 1908 and upgraded to a Knight Commander of the Bath (KCB) in 1918.〔 He was president of the British Science Association during 1924–1925.〔(Presidential Address to the British Association Meeting, held at Toronto in 1924 )〕 ''Brucella'' is the genus and Brucellaceae is the family of the Bacteria which was named after him, due to his discoveries. ''Brucella melitensis'' is the cause of undulant fever in man and of abortion in goats. It is usually transmitted by goat's milk. ''Trypanosoma brucei'', the cause of sleeping sickness, is also named after him. He died four days after his wife, during her memorial service. Both were cremated in London but their ashes are buried together in Valley Cemetery in Stirling, close to Stirling Castle, beneath a simple stone cross on the east side of the main north-south path, near the southern roundel. They had no children.〔http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf〕
|